What Anti-Vaccine Policies Could Mean for Autoimmune Diseases

By Giamila Fantuzzi, PhD

Epstein-Barr virus particles (orange): Several studies suggest that EBV plays a role in the etiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases, suggesting the possibility that the condition may be vaccine-preventable. But politics could hinder efforts toward vaccine development (Image: National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases)

(This article originally appeared on Dec. 17, 2025 on www.Undark.org)

Autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women. This is especially true for lupus (formally known as systemic lupus erythematosus), as about nine in 10 people with the condition are female. Lupus can cause inflammation and pain and commonly affects the skin, joints, and organs including the heart and kidneys.

Scientists have long observed an association between infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV, and several autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Now, the authors of a study published last month in Science Translational Medicine have dissected that link, shedding light on mechanisms that have remained obscure for too long.

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